🔷Peltier Cooling Module Product Drawing

🔷Peltier Effect CoolerPeltiers Basic Performance Spec

🔷Cooler with Peltier Additional Performance Spec

🔷Peltier Device Cooler Performance Curve

🔷Peltier Module Cooler Product Overview

The TEC1-09704 (30x30mm) semiconductor cooling module, with its 4A current rating and approximately 27W cooling capacity, is widely used in applications requiring moderate power, precise, and quiet temperature control. Its specific applications can be categorized as follows:

The TEC1-07103 is a high-performance miniature thermoelectric cooler (TEC) with dimensions of 23 × 23 × 3.8 mm. It utilizes a 96% alumina substrate and an oxygen-free copper sintering process, combining excellent thermal conductivity with structural strength. At Th = 40°C, it achieves a maximum temperature difference of 60°C, with a maximum voltage of 8.4 V, a maximum current of 3.0 A, a maximum cooling power of 25 W, and an internal resistance of 2.18 Ω. It is suitable for applications such as precision temperature control, compact thermal cyclers, laser cooling, and medical diagnostic equipment. The product is equipped with UL3132 26 AWG silicone leads (100 mm in length) and features a 704 silicone rubber seal, providing moisture resistance, shock resistance, and reliable operation. Lead terminals can be added as needed; the recommended crimping pressure is 1.3 kg, making it suitable for compact system integration. The storage environment should maintain a temperature below 120°C and humidity below 60% Rh to ensure long-term product stability.

🔷Peltiers Operation Principle

The TEC1-07103 is a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) that operates based on the Peltier effect—when a direct current passes through a thermocouple pair composed of two different semiconductor materials (n-type and p-type), heat is absorbed at one end of the thermocouple pair and released at the other.

Specifically, the interior of this product consists of multiple pairs of miniature N-type (electron-rich) and P-type (electron-deficient) semiconductor grains arranged alternately and connected in series via metal lead wires to form a thermoelectric stack. When a forward DC voltage (up to 8.4 V) is applied, electrons flow from the P-type material to the N-type material. At the junction through which the current flows, electrons must undergo a transition by carrying lattice vibration energy (phonons), thereby absorbing heat at that end and forming the “cold end” (cooling surface); At the junction on the opposite end, electrons release energy and convert it into Joule heat, forming the “hot end” (heat-dissipating surface). This process essentially involves actively “pumping” heat from the cold end to the hot end under the drive of an electric field, thereby achieving directed heat transfer.

Under conditions where the hot-end temperature (Th) is 40°C, the TEC1-07103 achieves a maximum cooling temperature difference (ΔTmax) of 60°C. This means that even when the hot end is exposed to a high ambient temperature, the cold end can remain significantly below ambient temperature. With a maximum cooling power of 25W, it enables precise localized temperature control within a compact footprint (23×23 mm). It is important to note that the TEC itself does not “generate” cooling; rather, it acts as a “heat transporter”—its cooling performance is highly dependent on the heat dissipation conditions at the hot end. It must be paired with an efficient heat sink or air/water cooling system to promptly remove the heat accumulated at the hot end in order to maintain the low-temperature performance of the cold end.

Furthermore, the TEC1-07103 employs a sintering process that combines a 96% alumina substrate with an oxygen-free copper heat spreader, ensuring both excellent electrical insulation and mechanical strength, as well as superior thermal conductivity. Internally, environmentally friendly bismuth-tin solder (melting point 138°C) is used to connect the thermoelectric crystals to the heat spreader, ensuring stable and reliable solder joints within the normal operating temperature range. The 704 silicone rubber seal effectively blocks moisture and contaminants, protecting the internal thermoelectric crystals from oxidation or short circuits and enhancing the product’s long-term reliability in humid environments or those with extreme temperature fluctuations.

In practical applications, by adjusting the magnitude or direction of the input current, continuous regulation of cooling power can be achieved, and even reverse heating is possible (switching the current polarity simply reverses the cold and hot surfaces). This makes the TEC1-07103 suitable not only for active cooling but also for bidirectional temperature management scenarios such as precision constant-temperature heating and cyclic temperature control. It is widely used in laser temperature control, PCR amplifiers, infrared detector cooling, and miniature medical diagnostic devices.